Braconinae parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) emerged from larvae of Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) feeding on Daphne gnidium L.

The Bracon Fabricius, 1804 species, B. admotus Papp, 2000, and three species of the genus Habrobracon Ashmead, 1895, H. concolorans (Marshall, 1900), H. hebetor (Say, 1836) and H. pillerianae Fischer, 1980, were obtained from the larvae of Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) living on Daphne gnidium Linnaeus, 1753 (Thymelaeaceae) in the natural reserve of Migliarino-San Rossore- Massaciuccoli (Pisa - Central Italy). Bracon admotus, Habrobracon concolorans and H. pillerianae were found for the first time to be associated with L. botrana, while H. hebetor was reared for the first time from the larvae of Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere, 1867) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Phycitinae). Bracon admotus and H. pillerianae are new fauna to Italy and Western Europe. A key is proposed for the determination of Habrobracon species reared from L. botrana and related Palaearctic species of this genus. Bracon (Habrobracon) lineatellae Fisher, 1968 is considered as a valid species

Implementation of double-pulse laser control in optical Kerr effect spectroscopy

Two-pulse control of time-dependent anisotropy in liquid CCl4 and CHCl3 at room temperature is implemented using femtosecond polarisation spectroscopy. Non-resonant excitation was enhanced by means of the double-pulse pump-probe technique. It is shown that by varying the delay between the exciting pulses and their relative intensity, selection of contributions of individual intramolecular modes into the recorded signal is achieved. The molecular responses were detected using the time-resolved optically heterodyne-detected optical-Kerr-effect technique. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Femtosecond laser control of intramolecular vibrations in a liquid

Optical control of coherent intramolecular oscillations in chloroform CHCl3 and dimethyl sulfoxide (CH 3) 3SO is attained experimentally under normal conditions by means of femtosecond polarization spectroscopy. Nonresonant excitation of the medium is accomplished by a sequence of two linearly polarized laser pulses. The state of the medium is probed by the third pulse via the optical Kerr effect. We show that control over the vibrational dynamics of molecules on a sub-picosecond scale can be achieved by varying the delay between the excitation pulses and their relative intensity. © Allerton Press, Inc., 2012

Femtosecond coherent spectroscopy of four-wave mixing and photon echoes in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure at room temperature

The results from experiments employing coherent femtosecond spectroscopy in a layer of two-dimensional electron gas at the boundary of the GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction at room temperature are presented. The decay curves of primary femtosecond photon echo are obtained. The decoherence time in two-dimensional electron gas depends strongly on the power of the exciting pulse and varies from 36 to 54 fs. The dephasing time is studied for the first time as a function of the power of exciting pulses at room temperature. It is established that this dependence obeys the law T 2 ∼ N -0.22, which differs from the typical law T 2 ∼ N -1 for unscreened electron-electron interaction in semiconductor crystals. Analysis shows that electron-phonon interaction plays an important part along with electron-electron interaction. The induced spin gratings in the GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure are studied with an eye to their possible application in spintronics. © Allerton Press, Inc., 2012

第２章 イギリスにおける医療政策決定過程

Two-pulse control of time-dependent anisotropy in liquid CCl4 and CHCl3 at room temperature is implemented using femtosecond polarisation spectroscopy. Non-resonant excitation was enhanced by means of the double-pulse pump-probe technique. It is shown that by varying the delay between the exciting pulses and their relative intensity, selection of contributions of individual intramolecular modes into the recorded signal is achieved. The molecular responses were detected using the time-resolved optically heterodyne-detected optical-Kerr-effect technique. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

MODERN SUTURAL MATERIALS (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of sutural materials and search of ways of their improvement. Advantages and disadvantages of the products which are used in surgical practice are shown. The surgical sutures applied nowadays have such important advantages as knot strength, torpidity, lack of "shape memory". Their main disadvantages are provocation of pyoinflammatory complications, allergic reactions, difficult to predict terms of a resorption, high rigidity, and insufficient elasticity. Considering impossible and unnecessary the creation of universal sutural material, authors make mention about the most widespread technologies of modification of traditional surgical sutures such as introduction of admixture to their structure, various coating applications, chemical modification of fibers. Results of experimental assessment of influence of traditional materials and prototypes on wound process are given. They consider that the development and deployment in surgical practice of new types of sutural materials with the improved characteristics are the priority direction in acceleration of processes of operational wound healing. One of such materials is titanium nickelide. Having biological torpidity and corrosion resistance, it stimulates processes of regeneration of tissues, when swordcut is formed. Titanium nickelide provides implants with a new set of properties: shape memory with temperature change, superelasticity at body temperature. The encouraging results obtained in the experiments indicate the prospects of its use as a suture material. However, the literature contains only fragmentary data on the interaction of suture materials based on interaction of titanium nickelide with biological tissue. This is not enough for the wide use of new medical devices in surgical practice. A number of additional medical and biological studies are required, including those relating to the interaction of implants with the tissues of the body

Femtosecond photon echo in a dye-doped polymer film and the possibility of coherent optical cooling

The signals of primary and stimulated femtosecond photon echoes are investigated in a dye-doped polymer film at room temperature. The homogeneous S 0 → S 1 spectral line width, which is due to the interaction between the impurity molecules and the quasi-local low-frequency modes, is estimated (≈5 × 10 12 Hz). Special attention is paid to the study of spectra of femtosecond echo signals. The short-wave shifts of these spectra, with respect to the spectrum of femtosecond exciting pulses, are observed. These shifts indicate that the anti-Stokes regime of femtosecond pulse emission is realized. Therefore, the coherent regime of laser cooling of solids appears to be possible. The prospects of using of this new cooling regime in the function of a solid-state optical refrigerator are discussed. © Nauka/Interperiodica 2007

Peculiarities of femtosecond photon echo signals in dye-doped polymer films at high temperatures

Some results of femtosecond echo experiments on polyvinylbutyral polymer films doped with phtalocyanine molecules at high (up to room) temperatures are reported. Special attention is paid to the stimulated femtosecond photon echo (SFPE), which was observed in a solid-state medium at room temperature for the first time. A decay curve of the SFPE signal has been obtained and theoretically analyzed. The results of the analysis indicate that the random interaction between impurity molecules and quasi-localized low-frequency vibration modes in an amorphous matrix plays the dominant role in the character of optical dephasing at high temperatures. © Allerton Press, Inc 2008

WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT OF SURGICAL SUTURAL MATERIAL

According to the research of several authors, titanium nickelide thread has unique properties, which allows it to be considered as a possible basis for suture material. However, for extensive use of titanium nickelide thread in surgical practice, a deeper investigation of its interaction with living tissues is required. In experiments on white rats, we studied the influence of implantation of three types of threads (polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride and titanium nickelide) on soft tissues. After 14 days from the moment of implantation, blocks of soft tissue samples with suture material were obtained from animals. The blocks were subjected to microscopic examination, during which the area of the vessels was measured, the degree of fibrosis in the tissue was assessed, and structural changes of the same type were detected. Statistical processing of the received data was carried out with the help of the applied software Statistica 6.0. As a result, it has been established that the implantation of a thread from titanium nickelide, in comparison with other investigated materials, causes less pronounced inflammatory reaction, less edema, less pronounced manifestations of destruction and lymphostasis. This promotes regional angiogenesis, which accelerates the process of restoring soft tissues. The obtained data testify to the prospects of the use of titanium nickelide for the development of a new suture material

Optically induced coherent intra-band dynamics in disordered semiconductors

On the basis of a tight-binding model for a strongly disordered semiconductor with correlated conduction- and valence band disorder a new coherent dynamical intra-band effect is analyzed. For systems that are excited by two, specially designed ultrashort light-pulse sequences delayed by tau relatively to each other echo-like phenomena are predicted to occur. In addition to the inter-band photon echo which shows up at exactly t=2*tau relative to the first pulse, the system responds with two spontaneous intra-band current pulses preceding and following the appearance of the photon echo. The temporal splitting depends on the electron-hole mass ratio. Calculating the population relaxation rate due to Coulomb scattering, it is concluded that the predicted new dynamical effect should be experimentally observable in an interacting and strongly disordered system, such as the Quantum-Coulomb-Glass.Comment: to be published in Physical Review B15 February 200